CWNP Certified Wireless IoT Solutions Administrator CWISA-102 Exam Dumps: Updated Questions & Answers (October 2025)

IETF's Focus: The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) primarily develops and standardizes internet protocols operating at the Network Layer (Layer 3) and above in the OSI model.

Key Protocols: Some prominent IETF-developed protocols include:

IP (Internet Protocol): Foundation of internet addressing and routing.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Reliable, connection-oriented data transport.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Connectionless, best-effort data transport.

DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names into IP addresses.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Web communication.

References

IETF Website: https://www.ietf.org/

OSI Model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

Legacy Support: The primary reason to continue using older wireless technologies is the need to connect with devices that don't support newer standards (e.g., old sensors or equipment).

Other Reasons (Not as Strong):

Cost: Replacing legacy devices can be expensive.

Reliability: Some legacy technologies might be well-proven in specific settings.

Smart City Focus: Smart city initiatives mainly address infrastructure, environmental monitoring, and optimization of public services.

Ride-sharing Context: While self-driving technology could contribute to future smart city transportation, it's primarily a private-sector innovation, not a core municipal service like the other options.

Typical Smart City Applications:

Wi-Fi: Provides public internet access, enabling data collection

Pollution Monitoring: Tracks air/water quality for environmental management.

Demand-based Tolling: Adjusts pricing for traffic management.

References:

Smart City Examples: Case studies showcasing common application areas (infrastructure, environment, utilities).

Autonomous Vehicles and Smart Cities: Discussions of the potential interplay but emphasize the still-developing nature of self-driving tech.

Captive Portals for Guest Access: These are web pages that intercept users' requests before granting full internet access. They often require agreeing to terms, entering basic information, or viewing ads.

Hospitality Fit: Captive portals are simple to deploy, require minimal user setup, and provide control for the hospitality provider (e.g., usage limits).

Why Other Options Are Less Common:

NTLM: Microsoft authentication, mainly for corporate networks, too complex for casual guest use.

Kerberos: Complex authentication for enterprise, overkill for guest Wi-Fi

SIM Cards: Used in cellular devices, not for general Wi-Fi access.

References:

Captive Portals: Explanations of how they work and their use cases.

Guest Wi-Fi in Hospitality: Best practices highlight the prevalence of captive portals in this industry.

Outsourcing Knowledge Transfer: When outsourcing implementation, the service provider has firsthand knowledge of system setup and configuration. Clear documentation ensures this knowledge remains accessible to you after the project is complete.

Ongoing Support: While paid/free support options influence long-term maintenance, they won't substitute missing documentation about the specific setup.

Reducing Future Vendor Reliance: Detailed documentation helps mitigate over-reliance on the service provider for minor changes and troubleshooting, giving you more long-term autonomy.

Proof of Concept: A POC typically happens before outsourcing, and focuses on validating the solution's feasibility, not ensuring smooth knowledge transfer thereafter.

References:

Service Level Agreements (SLAs): Documentation related to outsourced work may be defined as a deliverable within an SLA.

Knowledge Management Best Practices:

The concept described is Free Space Path Loss (FSPL). FSPL refers to the reduction in power density of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through a clear, unobstructed path in free space. This weakening of the signal is due to the spreading of the wavefront as it travels, causing the power to be distributed over a larger area. The FSPL can be calculated using the Friis Transmission Equation, which shows that the received power decreases with the square of the distance from the transmitter. This concept is fundamental to understanding the behavior of RF signals in various communication systems, including wireless IoT, where the signal strength at the receiver is a critical factor for reliable data transmission.

References:The information provided aligns with the Friis Transmission Equation, which models how the power of an RF signal decreases with distance1. Additionally, the concept of FSPL is a well-known phenomenon in RF propagation, affecting the design and optimization of wireless communication systems

Encryption vs. Other Options:

Access Control: Limits who can access data, but doesn't make it unreadable.

Authentication: Validates user/device identity, but not focused on data confidentiality.

Authorization: Determines the actions a user is allowed, separate from securing the data itself.

How encryption works: Encryption uses algorithms and keys to turn plaintext into unreadable ciphertext. Only those with the correct key can decrypt it.

Data in motion vs. data at rest: Encryption protects sensitive information both when transmitted over the wireless network and when stored on devices.

References:

Encryption standards and protocols: Resources on common wireless encryption types (WPA2, WPA3, TLS) and their implementation.

Purpose of POC: A proof-of-concept (POC) validates the feasibility and potential value of a solution within its intended operational environment.

Scaling: POCs are small-scale, allowing for quicker and less costly testing before committing to a full-scale deployment.

Real-world Evaluation: Unlike manufacturer demos, a POC exposes the system to the unique variables (e.g., interference, usage patterns) present in the user's specific setting.

References:

IT project management: Materials discussing the role of proof-of-concept phases and their goals.

IEEE 802.15.4: The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is a fundamental specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). It serves as the basis for many wireless IoT protocols.

IEEE's Role: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is the organization responsible for creating, maintaining, and publishing the 802.15.4 standard.

References

IEEE 802.15.4 Standard: https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_15_4-2020.html

IEEE Website: https://www.ieee.org/

WWAN (Wide-Area Wireless Network): WWANs provide connectivity over extensive geographic areas, typically covering regions or even entire countries.

Cellular Technology: WWANs often rely on cellular networks (3G, 4G, 5G) offered by mobile carriers.

References

WWAN: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_wide_area_network