Fortinet FCSS - Enterprise Firewall 7.4 Administrator FCSS_EFW_AD-7.4 Exam Dumps: Updated Questions & Answers (October 2025)

When designing anADVPN (Auto-Discovery VPN) networkfor alarge enterprisewith spokes that havevarying numbers of internet links, the main challenge is tominimize the number of peer connections and routesat the hub while maintainingscalability and efficiency.

Using a dynamic routing protocol (such as BGP or OSPF) with loopback interfaces helps in several ways:

●Reduces the number of peer connectionsat the hub byusing a single loopback address per spokeinstead of individual physical interfaces.

●Enables simplified route advertisementby dynamically learning and propagating routes instead of manually configuring static routes.

●Supports multiple internet links per spokeefficiently, as dynamic routing can automatically adjust to the best available path.

●Allows seamless failoverif a spoke’s internet link fails, ensuring continuous connectivity.

TheConfiguration Revision Historywindow inFortiManagershows that the most recent configuration change (ID 10) was created byscript_managerwith the actionRetrieved.

Sincescript_manageris a system-level script execution user, the IT team needs to findwho actually triggered this script. This can be done by:

● Checking theFortiManager system logsforscript execution events.

● Using thetype=scriptfilter to locate the administrator associated with the script execution.

When configuringADVPN (Auto-Discovery VPN)to connectoverlay networks across different hubs using IBGP and EBGP, special configurations are required to allow spokes from different overlay networks to dynamically establish tunnels.

●set auto-discovery-crossover enable

● Thisallows cross-hub tunnel discoveryin an ADVPN deployment where multiple hubs are used.

● SinceHub A and Hub Bbelong to different overlays, enablingcrossover discoveryensures that spokes from one overlay can dynamically create direct tunnels to spokes in the other overlay when needed.

●set enforce-multihop enable

● This setting ensures thatBGP peers using loopback interfacescan establish connectivityeven if they are not directly connected.

●Multihop BGP sessionsare required when usingloopback addresses as BGP peer sourcesbecause the connection might need to traverse multiple routers before reaching the BGP neighbor.

● This is especially useful inADVPN deployments with multiple hubs, where routes might need to cross from one hub to another.

TheOSPF database optimizationis necessary to reduce unnecessary routing information and improve network performance. In the given topology,Area 0.0.0.1is a non-backbone area connected toArea 0.0.0.0 (the backbone area)through anArea Border Router (ABR).

To optimize OSPF in this scenario, configuringArea 0.0.0.1 as a Stub Areawill:

●Reduce the size of the OSPF databaseby preventing external routes (from outside OSPF) from being injected into Area 0.0.0.1.

●Allow only intra-area and inter-area routes, meaning routers in Area 0.0.0.1 will rely on adefault routefor external destinations.

●Improve convergence time and reduce router processing loadsince fewer LSAs (Link-State Advertisements) are exchanged.

TheFortinet FGSP (FortiGate Session Life Support Protocol) clusterallows session synchronization betweentwo FortiGate devicesto provide seamless failover. However,ICMP (ping) is a connectionless protocol, and by default, FortiGate does not synchronize connectionless sessions unless explicitly enabled.

In the exhibit:

● The commandget system session list | grep icmponFortiGate_Breturnsno output, meaning that ICMP sessions arenot being synchronizedfrom FortiGate_A.

● Ifsession-pickup-connectionlessis disabled,FortiGate_B will not receive ICMP sessions, causingpacket lossduring failover.

VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN)is an overlay network technology that extends Layer 2 networks over Layer 3 infrastructure. When VXLAN is used extensively on FortiGate, hardware acceleration is crucial for maintaining performance.

●NP7 (Network Processor 7)is Fortinet’s latest network processor designed to accelerate high-performance networking features, including:

●VXLAN encapsulation/decapsulation

●IPsec VPN offloading

●Firewall policy enforcement

●Advanced threat protection at wire speed

NP7 significantlyreduces latency and improves throughputwhen handling VXLAN traffic, making it the best choice for large-scale VXLAN deployments.

In atransparent mode Virtual Domain (VDOM)configuration, FortiGate operates as aLayer 2 bridgerather than performing Layer 3 routing. Theset forward-domain <domain_ID>command is used to control how traffic is forwarded between interfaces within the sametransparent VDOM.

Aforward-domainacts as abroadcast domain, meaning only interfaces with thesame forward-domain IDcan exchange traffic. This setting is commonly used toseparate different VLANs or network segmentswithin the transparent VDOM while still allowing FortiGate to apply security policies.

ADVPN (Auto-Discovery VPN) 2.0is the optimal solution for enablingdirect spoke-to-spoke communicationwithout passing through the hub, while also allowingautomatic link selectionbased on quality metrics.

●Dynamic Direct Tunnels:

● ADVPN 2.0 allowsspokes to establish direct IPsec tunnels dynamicallybased on traffic patterns, reducing latency and improving performance.

● Unlike static VPNs, spokes do not need to pre-configure tunnels for each other.

●Automatic Link Optimization:

● ADVPN 2.0monitors the qualityof multiple internet connections on each spoke.

● It automatically switches to the best available connection when the primary linkdegrades or fails.

● This is achieved by dynamically adjusting BGP-based routing or leveraging SD-WAN integration.

From theRoot FortiGate - System Administrator Configurationexhibit:

● TheAdminSSOaccount has thesuper_admin_readonlyrole.

From theDownstream FortiGate - Security Fabric Settingsexhibit:

● TheSecurity Fabric roleis set toJoin Existing Fabric, meaning it will authenticate with the root FortiGate.

●SAML Single Sign-On (SSO) is enabled, and thedefault admin profileis set tosuper_admin_readonly.

When theAdminSSOuser logs into the downstream FortiGate usingSSO, the authentication request is sent to the root FortiGate, where AdminSSO hassuper_admin_readonlypermissions. Since the downstream FortiGate inherits this permission through the Security Fabric configuration, the user will be grantedsuper_admin_readonlyaccess.

In anIBGP (Internal BGP) network, all routers must befully meshed, meaning every router must establish a BGP session with every other router in the sameautonomous system (AS). Thisdoes not scale wellin large networks due to the exponential increase in BGP sessions.

Tooptimize and scale IBGP,Route Reflectors (RRs)are used. ARoute Reflector (RR)reduces the number ofIBGP peer connectionsby allowing acentralized router (RR)to redistribute IBGP routes to other IBGP peers (calledclients). This eliminates the need for afull mesh, significantlyreducing BGP session overhead.

By configuring theroute-reflector-clientsetting on IBGP peers, an administrator can:

●Scale IBGP sessionsby reducing the number of direct BGP peer connections.

●Optimize the routing tableby ensuring routes are efficiently propagated within the IBGP network.

●Eliminate the need for full mesh topology, making IBGP more manageable.