Fortinet Fortinet NSE 7 - Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Dumps: Updated Questions & Answers (October 2025)

Logon Event on Collector Agent:The debug output indicates that the logon event is recorded, showing that the collector agent on Windows is logging user activities and transmitting this data to the FortiGate.

DC Agent Mode:The presence of detailed logon events and their corresponding metadata, such as the domain and workstation information, suggests that the FortiGate is using DC agent mode. This mode involves an agent installed on the Domain Controller (DC) to capture and forward logon events.

References:

Fortinet Community: How FSSO Works and Troubleshooting Steps​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Fortinet GURU)​.

Session Creation:The output shows an expected session, likely due to a pinhole, which is a dynamically created rule to allow specific traffic through the firewall.

Routing Decision:

The original direction of traffic comes from the IP address 10.171.121.38.

The next-hop IP address for this traffic is 10.0.1.10 as indicated by the routing decision in the output.

Pinhole Session:Pinhole sessions are typically created for protocols that require additional sessions (e.g., FTP, SIP) to function properly. This ensures the necessary traffic can pass through the firewall.

Debugging Commands:Thediagnose sys session listcommand is used to list session information, which helps in understanding traffic flow and troubleshooting connectivity issues.

References:

Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2​(ebin.pub)​.

General IPsec VPN configuration from Fortinet documentation​(Fortinet Docs)​.

The session table entry provided shows detailed information about a specific network session passing through the FortiGate device. From the session details, we can see that the session has various attributes such as state, protocol, policy, and inspection details.

The session state (proto_state=11) indicates that the session is being actively processed and inspected.

Thenpd_state=00000000suggests that the session is being handled by the CPU rather than offloaded to a Network Processor (NP).

The session is marked for security profile inspection, evident from the detailed byte/packet counts and other session parameters.

From these indicators, it's clear that FortiGate is using its CPU to perform security profile inspection on this session rather than simply forwarding the traffic without inspection or relying solely on IPS inspection.

References

Fortinet Documentation on Session Table

Fortinet Community Discussion on Session Table

Session Table Overview:

The session table in FortiOS tracks all active and pending sessions. It includes details like the type of session (TCP, UDP, etc.), status, and statistics.

Interpreting the Exhibit:

The exhibit from thediagnose sys session statcommand shows detailed session statistics.

The specific value indicating "166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake" reflects the number of sessions that have initiatedbut not yet completed the TCP three-way handshake process (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK).

References:

Fortinet Documentation: Understanding and troubleshooting session tables​(Hammertux)​.

Fortinet Community: Explanation of session states and statistics​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Hammertux)​.

The routing table shown in the exhibit lists all the routes known to the FortiGate device. It includes routes learned through different protocols such as BGP, OSPF, and static routes.

The entryS * 0.0.0.0/0 [20/0] via 10.200.2.254, port2, [5/0]indicates that there is a static route to the default gateway (0.0.0.0/0) throughport2with a gateway IP of10.200.2.254.

The asterisk*next to the route signifies that this route is selected and currently active in the forwarding information base (FIB). This means the FortiGate uses this route to forward packets destined for addresses not otherwise specified in the routing table.

References

Fortinet Documentation on Routing Table

Fortinet Community Discussion on Routing

Statistics and Configuration Information:

Application-layer test commands can display detailed statistics and configuration information about specific features or processes. For example, commands likediagnose vpn ipsec tunnel listprovide detailed statistics about VPN tunnels.

Real-time Debugs:

These commands also facilitate real-time debugging of applications and processes. For instance, usingdiagnose debug applicationfollowed by the specific application, such asfssod, provides real-time debug information which is crucial for troubleshooting.

References:

Fortinet Community: Useful FSSO Commands and Troubleshooting​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​.

Fortinet Documentation: Application-layer Test Commands​(Fortinet GURU)​.

Routing Table Analysis:

The first command output (get router info routing-table database) shows two default routes:

One viaport1with a distance of10.

One viaport2with a distance of20.

The second command output (get router info routing-table all) only shows the route viaport1.

Administrative Distance:

The administrative distance (AD) is a measure used by routers to select the best path when there are multiple routes to the same destination. The lower the distance, the more preferred the route.

In this scenario, the route viaport1has a lower distance (10) compared to the route viaport2(20), making it the preferred route.

Route Selection:

Since the route viaport1has a lower distance, it is the only one installed in the active routing table, which is why it appears in the second command output, and theport2route does not.

References:

Fortinet Community: Routing behavior depending on distance and priority​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​.

Fortinet GURU: Route priority and administrative distance explanations​(Fortinet GURU)​.

The exhibit displays the output of a real-time debug of the URL filtering process on a FortiGate device. The debug output includes various details about a web request being processed.

SNI (Server Name Indication): This is part of the SSL/TLS handshake where the client specifies the hostname it is trying to connect to. FortiGate can use this information to apply appropriate web filtering rules based on the server name.

CN (Common Name): This is a field in the server's SSL certificate that typically contains the server's hostname. FortiGate can extract this information to verify the identity of the server and apply security policies accordingly.

Given that the debug output includes the hostname "training.fortinet.com," it is likely derived from the SNI in the client's request or the CN in the server's certificate, indicating that FortiGate is using this information to process the web request.

References

Fortinet Community Documentation on Real-time Debugging

Understanding protocol states:

proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.

proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.

proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.

proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.

Explanation of correct answer:

proto_state=10is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.

References

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation

Examine the OSPF debug output:

The OSPF Hello packet debug output shows the Router ID as0.0.0.112.

It shows that the OSPF packet is being sent from0.0.0.112viaport2:192.168.37.114.

The OSPF Hello packet contains information such as the network mask (255.255.255.0), hello interval (10), router priority (1), dead interval (40), and designated router (192.168.37.114) and backup designated router (192.168.37.115).

Check the area configuration:

The area ID is shown as0.0.0.0, indicating that the two devices attempting adjacency are in area0.0.0.0.

Authentication mismatch:

The debug output indicates an "Authentication type mismatch". This means one device is configured to require authentication while the other is not.

Password configuration:

The statement claiming that "A password has been configured on the local OSPF router but is not shown in the output" is false because the output indicates an authentication mismatch, not the presence or absence of a password. The other statements are true based on the provided debug output.

References

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

OSPF Configuration Guides