ISC CC - Certified in Cybersecurity CC Exam Dumps: Updated Questions & Answers (March 2026)

At Layer 3 (Network Layer), data is encapsulated intopacketsfor routing across networks.

Two-Person Integrityensures no single individual can complete a sensitive action alone, reducing fraud and insider threats.

Replay attacks disrupt communication by resending captured packets, potentially causing session confusion or denial of service. IPSec mitigates this using sequence numbers.

Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) defines wired LAN communication standards.

Azero-day vulnerabilityis typically not identifiable through a standard vulnerability assessment. Vulnerability scanners and routine assessments rely onknown vulnerability signatures, published advisories, and documented weaknesses. By definition, a zero-day vulnerability is unknown to vendors, defenders, and security tools at the time it exists or is exploited.

File permission issues, buffer overflows, and cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities are commonly detected through automated scans, configuration reviews, and application testing because they are well understood and documented classes of weaknesses. Scanners are specifically designed to identify these known issues.

Zero-day vulnerabilities, however, require alternative detection approaches such as behavioral monitoring, anomaly detection, threat intelligence, or post-exploitation forensics. This limitation is why vulnerability assessments alone are insufficient and must be complemented withdefense-in-depth, monitoring, and incident response capabilities.

Security frameworks consistently emphasize that organizations should not rely solely on vulnerability scanning, as it cannot detect unknown or newly emerging threats like zero-day vulnerabilities.

During the detection and analysis phase, incidents are identified, triaged, categorized, and prioritized based on impact and urgency. This ensures resources are allocated appropriately.

Modern organizations depend on IT systems for communication, data processing, transactions, and service delivery. Without IT, critical business functions often cannot operate, making IT recovery essential to business continuity.

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is the most suitable protocol for secure communication between clients and servers. HTTPS uses TLS to encrypt data in transit, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. This prevents attackers from eavesdropping, tampering, or impersonating servers.

HTTP and FTP transmit data in clear text, making them vulnerable to interception. SMTP is used for email delivery, not client-server web communication. Modern security standards mandate HTTPS for all production web applications.

The ultimate goal of disaster recovery is torestore business operations and IT services to a stable, reliable statethat supports organizational objectives. Backup and alternate sites are means—not the end goal.

Anintrusionis an unauthorized attempt to access systems or networks. Not all intrusions succeed or result in breaches, but they represent active threats.