Oracle Oracle Database 12c SQL 1z0-071 Exam Dumps: Updated Questions & Answers (December 2025)

C. True. If you have a table named 123, which is not a standard naming convention because it begins with a digit, you can reference it in SQL by using double quotation marks. The correct syntax to reference a table with a name that does not follow standard naming conventions is to enclose the name in double quotation marks.

A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not use the proper quoting mechanism for a table named with non-standard characters. In Oracle, double quotation marks are used for case-sensitive table names or those that do not follow the usual naming rules.

C: True. You can add a new NOT NULL column to an existing table, provided you specify a DEFAULT value for the column. This ensures that existing rows in the table can be updated with a default value, thus maintaining the NOT NULL constraint integrity.

E: True. It is permissible to increase the width of a numeric column, provided the change does not truncate existing data. This change is generally safe as it allows for greater values or more precision without affecting existing data.

F: True. The default value of a column can be changed. This action affects subsequent insert operations but does not alter the values of existing rows. Changing the default is useful for adapting tables to evolving business rules without impacting existing data.

Query B will return the highest salary in the table without grouping by department. It simply selects the maximum value for the salary column across the entire table.

Query C and D are incorrect because the GROUP BY clause will return the highest salary for each department, not the single highest salary in the entire table.

Query E is incorrect because MAX(MAX(salary)) is not a valid use of aggregate functions and will result in an error.

References:

Oracle Documentation on Aggregate Functions: Aggregate Functions

In this context, the correct answers will provide a count of employees with a salary less than that of employee with ID 110. Let's evaluate the provided statements:

A: This statement is incorrect due to a syntax error; it uses alias 'e' without defining it, and 'a' is also used incorrectly in the JOIN clause. It should have been written with proper aliases.

B: This statement is correct as it uses a subquery to find the salary of employee ID 110 and compares it to the salaries of all employees to get the count.

C: This statement is also correct as it creates a derived table with the salary of employee ID 110 and compares it with the salaries of the 'employees' table using a JOIN.

D: This is the statement that fails. It is incorrect because the subquery references 'e.employee_id = 110', which will compare the salary of each employee to themselves if their ID is 110, not to the salary of employee 110 for all employees.

Given the statements, the failure to execute would be due to improper SQL syntax or logical structuring of the JOIN clause:

A. SELECT * FROM employees e JOIN department d WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id AND d.department_id=90: This statement will fail because it incorrectly uses the JOIN syntax without an ON clause, which is necessary to specify the condition on which the tables are joined. This statement mistakenly places the join condition in the WHERE clause without using ON.

Correct options (executes successfully):

B: Correctly formulated JOIN with ON and an additional condition in the WHERE clause.

C: Incorporates the filtering directly in the ON clause, which is a valid method to restrict the rows returned by the JOIN based on conditions related to both tables.

D: Although it appears awkward due to the order of conditions in the ON clause, it is syntactically correct.

These answers reflect typical use and constraints in SQL queries and are aligned with Oracle Database 12c standards for SQL syntax and operations.

The true statements about built-in data types in Oracle are:

B: A BFILE is a data type in Oracle that allows for a read-only link to binary files stored outside the database in the operating system. This is correct as per Oracle's documentation.

D: The default length for a CHAR column, when not specified, is one character. This is according to the Oracle SQL standard.

F: A BLOB is used for storing binary data within the Oracle database, allowing for storage of large amounts of unstructured binary data.

The incorrect options are:

A: A VARCHAR2 column does not blank-pad values; it is CHAR that may blank-pad to the fixed length.

C: A CHAR column requires a length specification, although if omitted, the default is one character.

E: A VARCHAR2 column requires a length specification; without it, the statement will fail.

References:

Oracle Documentation on Data Types: Data Types

Oracle Documentation on LOBs: LOBs

Oracle Documentation on Character Data Types: Character Data Types

When creating an external table, which allows you to access data in a flat file as though it is a table inside the database, certain clauses are required:

A. the ACCESS PARAMETERS clause: This clause specifies the parameters required by the access driver to read the data files.

D. the LOCATION clause: This clause specifies the location of the data files that make up the external table.

References:

Oracle Database SQL Language Reference 12c, particularly the sections detailing the creation and management of external tables.

In Oracle Database, object privileges are rights to perform a particular action on a specific object in the database. Here's why the other options are incorrect:

A. UPDATE can be granted on tables, views, and materialized views, but not sequences. B. DELETE cannot be granted on sequences because sequences do not store data that can be deleted. D. INSERT cannot be granted on sequences; sequences are used to generate numbers, not to be inserted into directly. C. REFERENCES allows the grantee to create a foreign key that references the table or the columns of the table. It is applicable only to tables and views. E. SELECT can indeed only be granted on tables and views (including materialized views). F. ALTER is an object privilege that can be granted on tables and sequences but not views.

For more details, one may refer to the Oracle Database SQL Language Reference documentation, which specifies the types of object privileges and the objects they apply to.

An index is created automatically on columns that are defined with a UNIQUE constraint and a PRIMARY KEY constraint.

A. True. Since the serial_no column is defined with a UNIQUE constraint, Oracle will automatically create an index for this column.

E. True. The order_id column is defined with a PRIMARY KEY constraint, and Oracle automatically creates a unique index on the primary key column.

In Oracle SQL, when you subtract a number from a date, the result is a date. When you subtract one date from another, the result is the number of days between the two dates.

B: PROMO_BEGIN_DATE - 5 will subtract 5 days from the PROMO_BEGIN_DATE, resulting in a new date that is 5 days earlier than PROMO_BEGIN_DATE.

C: PROMO_BEGIN_DATE - SYSDATE will return the number of days between the PROMO_BEGIN_DATE and the current date (SYSDATE).

The incorrect options are:

A: TONUMBER(PROMO_BEGIN_DATE) - 5 will not return a number because PROMO_BEGIN_DATE is a date, and TONUMBER is not a valid function to convert dates to numbers in Oracle.

D: PROMO_BEGIN_DATE - SYSDATE will not return an error; it will return the number of days between the two dates as explained above.

E: TODATE(PROMO_BEGIN_DATE * 5) will not return a date because PROMO_BEGIN_DATE * 5 is not a valid operation in Oracle SQL as you cannot multiply a date by a number, and TODATE is not a valid function. The correct function name is TO_DATE.

References:

Oracle Documentation on Date Arithmetic: Database SQL Language Reference - Datetime Functions