Oracle Oracle Database 23ai Administration Associate 1z0-182 Exam Dumps: Updated Questions & Answers (October 2025)

Unified Auditing in Oracle 23ai consolidates audit records into a single trail, managed via the DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT package. Let’s evaluate each option with extensive detail:

A. Only viewed audit records can be purged from Unified Audits.

Explanation:False. There’s no concept of “viewed” audit records restricting purging. Unified Audit records (stored in UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL) can be purged based on time, policy, or manual intervention, regardless of whether they’ve been viewed. This option misrepresents audit management capabilities.

Mechanics:Purging is controlled by retention policies or explicit commands, not view status. For example, records older than a set retention period (e.g., 90 days via DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_AUDIT_TRAIL_PROPERTY) are eligible for purging.

Why Incorrect:No Oracle documentation ties purging to viewing, making this a fabricated limitation.

B. Use DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.CREATE_PURGE_JOB as a privileged user toschedule an automatic purge job.

Explanation:True. This procedure creates a scheduled job to automatically purge audit records based on a retention policy or custom criteria. It’s a standard method for ongoing audit trail maintenance, requiring privileges like AUDIT_ADMIN.

Mechanics:Example: BEGIN DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.CREATE_PURGE_JOB(AUDIT_TRAIL_TYPE => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_UNIFIED, JOB_FREQUENCY => 'DAILY', JOB_STATUS => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.JOB_ENABLED); END;. This schedules daily purges of old records, using the retention period set by SET_AUDIT_TRAIL_PROPERTY.

Practical Use:Ideal for production environments to prevent the audit trail from growing indefinitely (e.g., avoiding tablespace exhaustion in SYSAUX).

Edge Case:If no retention period is set, the job purges nothing until configured, highlighting the need for prior setup.

C. Only the owner of a Unified Audit Policy can purge audit records by resetting the policy.

Explanation:False. Audit policies don’t have “owners” in the traditional sense; they’re created by users with AUDIT_ADMIN and managed globally. Resetting or disabling a policy (e.g., NOAUDIT POLICY my_policy) stops auditing but doesn’t purge existing records. Purging is a separate operation via DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.

Why Incorrect:This conflates policy management with audit trail cleanup, which are distinct in Oracle.

D. Use DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL as a privileged user to manually purge audit records.

Explanation:True. This procedure manually purges all Unified Audit records up to the current timestamp (or a specified time), requiring AUDIT_ADMIN privileges. It’s a one-time cleanup tool.

Mechanics:Example: BEGIN DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL(AUDIT_TRAIL_TYPE => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_UNIFIED, USE_LAST_ARCH_TIMESTAMP => FALSE); END;. This clears the entire trail unless restricted by a timestamp.

Practical Use:Useful for immediate space reclamation or post-incident cleanup, unlike scheduled jobs.

Edge Case:If the audit trail is large, this may require significant undo space and time, potentially impacting performance.

E. Use DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.DELETE_AUDIT_RECORDS('POLICY_NAME') as a privileged user to manually purge audit records of a specified Unified Policy.

Explanation:False. No such procedure exists in DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT. The package offers CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL and CREATE_PURGE_JOB, but nothing targets a specific policy’s records by name in this format. You can filter records in UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL by policy (e.g., SELECT * WHERE UNIFIED_AUDIT_POLICIES = 'POLICY_NAME'), but purging is all-or-nothing or time-based, not policy-specific via a single command.

Why Incorrect:This appears to be a fabricated or misinterpreted option, possibly confusing audit policy management with trail purging.

A.False. AWR doesn’t create PDBs.

B.True. AWR stats aid migration planning (e.g., performance baselines).

C.False. AWR doesn’t convert CDB to Non-CDB.

D.False. SID management isn’t AWR’s role.

User authentication in Oracle 23ai determines how users (especially administrative ones) connect to the database. Let’s analyze each option with extensive detail:

A. Operating System authentication may be used for system-privileged administrative users.

Explanation:True. OS authentication allows users mapped to OS accounts (e.g., ops$oracle) to connect without a password, often used for administrative users like SYS or SYSTEM. This is configured by creating an externally authenticated user (e.g., CREATE USER "OPS$ORACLE" IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY) and relies on the OS to verify identity.

Mechanics:When a user logs in via sqlplus / as sysdba, Oracle checks the OS user against the dba group (Unix) or ORA_DBA (Windows). If matched, no password is needed, leveraging OS security.

Practical Use:Common for DBAs managing local instances, reducing password management overhead.

Edge Case:Requires REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=NONE for exclusive OS auth, but this isn’t mandatory if a password file exists alongside.

Historical Note:Introduced in early Oracle versions, this remains a robust option in 23ai for local admin access.

B. Password authentication must be used for system-privileged administrative users.

Explanation:False. “Must” is incorrect; password authentication (e.g., sqlplus sys/password) is an option, not a requirement. OS authentication or password file authentication can also be used for users like SYS. This option overstates the necessity of password-based login.

Why Incorrect:Oracle’s flexibility allows multiple methods, contradicting the absolute phrasing here.

C. Password File authentication is supported for any type of database user.

Explanation:False. Password file authentication is restricted to users with SYSDBA, SYSOPER, or similar system privileges (e.g., SYSBACKUP). Regular users (e.g., HR) can’t use the password file (orapw); they rely on database authentication (passwords stored in the DB) or external methods.

Mechanics:The password file stores hashed credentials for privileged users, checked during remote AS SYSDBA logins.

Why Incorrect:Extending this to “any user” ignores Oracle’s security model limiting password file usage.

D. REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE must be set to EXCLUSIVE to permit password changes for system-privileged administrative users.

Explanation:False. REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE allows a dedicated password file for one instance, enabling password changes via ALTER USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY newpass. However, SHARED mode also permits changes for SYS, though not for other users added to the file. The “must” overstates the requirement; it’s sufficient, not necessary.

Mechanics:EXCLUSIVE locks the file to one DB, while SHARED allows multiple DBs to use it, with restrictions on non-SYS users.

E. Password File authentication must be used for system-privileged administrative users.

Explanation:True. For remote administrative access (e.g., sqlplus sys/password@orcl as sysdba), a password file is mandatory when REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE is EXCLUSIVE or SHARED. Local OS authentication is an alternative, but for network-based admin tasks, the password file is required, making this statement true in that context.

Mechanics:Set via orapwd (e.g., orapwd file=orapworcl password=oracle entries=10), enabling remote SYSDBA logins.

Edge Case:If REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=NONE, only OS auth works locally, but this isn’t the default or typical setup.

A.True. ADR is a file system directory structure (e.g., /u01/app/oracle/diag), external to the database.

B.False. ADR also stores diagnostics for non-database components (e.g., ASM, listener).

C.False. It’s file-based, not schema-based.

D.True. ADR logs (e.g., alert logs, trace files) are accessible even if the instance is down.

E.True. DIAGNOSTIC_DEST sets the ADR base directory.

A.False. STOP_JOB=IMMEDIATE halts the job, not backgrounds it.

B.False. You can monitor before stopping or after restarting.

C.True. Before stopping, you can reattach with expdp attach=exp_db_full.

D.True. STOP_JOB=IMMEDIATE terminates the job instantly.

A.False. lsnrctl can start a default listener without listener.ora.

B.True. EMCC provides centralized Net Services configuration.

C.False. NetCA can run standalone, not just during installation.

D.True. Net Manager configures local naming (e.g., TNSNAMES.ORA).

E.False. Net Manager is local, not centralized like EMCC.

A.False. Limited to captured privileges, not all schema objects.

B.False. SYS is excluded from capture.

C.True. Captures indirect role privileges used.

D.True. Captures direct role privileges used.

E.False. Focus is on roles, not self-owned objects broadly.

A.True. TIMED_STATISTICS = FALSE disables timing data collection.

B.False. No such procedure exists.

C.False. No TIMED_STATISTICS_LEVEL parameter exists.

D.True. STATISTICS_LEVEL = BASIC disables most performance monitoring.

E.False. No such procedure exists.

D.True. The .pdb file (archive) contains the manifest and data files; all must be copied to the target CDB for plugging.

A-C.False. The archive alone isn’t enough; all components are needed.

C.True. Hot cloning requires the source PDB (PDB1) to be read-only to ensure consistency during the clone. Others are not prerequisites.