Paloalto Networks Palo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewall Engineer NGFW-Engineer Exam Dumps: Updated Questions & Answers (May 2025)

To enable the Advanced Routing Engine (ARE) on a Palo Alto Networks firewall, the license for the ARE must be applied first. Without the proper license, the firewall cannot activate and use the advanced routing features provided by ARE, such as support for more complex routing protocols (e.g., BGP, OSPF, etc.).

Once the license is applied and validated, the routing engine can be configured, allowing the creation of logical routers and routing policies.

In a hybrid authentication model with both certificate-based authentication for pre-logon and SAML-based multi-factor authentication (MFA) for user logon, the GlobalProtect agent processes the flow as follows:

During the pre-logon stage, the agent uses the machine certificate to authenticate and establish the initial VPN tunnel.

Once the user logs in (after the machine is connected), the agent then triggers SAML-based MFA to ensure the user is authenticated with multi-factor authentication, validating both the device and the user identity before granting full access.

This method ensures that both the device and user are properly authenticated and validated in the hybrid authentication model.

When integrating Kubernetes with Palo Alto Networks NGFWs, the CN-Series firewalls are specifically designed to secure traffic between microservices in containerized environments. These firewalls provide advanced security features like Application Identification (App-ID), URL filtering, and Threat Prevention to secure communication between containers and microservices within a Kubernetes environment.

The Advanced Routing Engine (ARE) is supported on Palo Alto Networks firewalls that utilize the PAN-OS 11.0+ software and have the required hardware architecture. The supported models include PA-3200 Series, PA-5400 Series, PA-800 Series, and PA-400 Series. These models provide enhanced routing capabilities, including BGP, OSPF, and more complex routing policies.

PA-3260 and PA-5410 are part of the PA-3200 and PA-5400 Series, which are known to support ARE.

PA-850 and PA-460 are within the PA-800 and PA-400 Series, which also support ARE

Use of dynamic routing protocols: An IP address is needed on the tunnel interface to participate in dynamic routing protocols (like OSPF, BGP, etc.) over the tunnel. This allows the firewall to advertise routes and receive updates over the tunnel.

Tunnel monitoring: The IP address on the tunnel interface can also be used for monitoring the tunnel's status. Tunnel monitoring (such as IPSec tunnel monitoring) requires an IP address on the tunnel interface to check the health and availability of the tunnel.

In the context of GlobalProtect with certificate-based authentication, certificate profiles are used to ensure proper validation of the certificates. They perform the following functions:

Define trust anchors, which are the root and intermediate Certificate Authorities (CAs) that the firewall trusts to authenticate certificates.

Specify revocation checks, such as CRL (Certificate Revocation List) and OCSP (Online Certificate Status Protocol), to ensure that the certificates being used have not been revoked.

Map certificate attributes, such as the Common Name (CN), which helps in authenticating users and devices based on their certificates.

When configuring a new firewall virtual system (VSYS) on a Palo Alto Networks firewall, one of the resources that can be assigned is the sessions limit. This setting allows the administrator to control the number of active sessions that can be handled by the VSYS, ensuring that each virtual system has an appropriate allocation of resources based on its needs.

The Transient zone type is used to allow traffic between zones in different virtual systems (VSYS) on a Palo Alto Networks firewall without the traffic leaving the firewall. It provides a way for virtual systems to communicate with each other by acting as a temporary or intermediary zone. Traffic can pass through the firewall between the virtual systems without requiring physical interfaces or leaving the device.

The phases of the Palo Alto Networks AI Runtime Security: Network Intercept solution are designed to help identify and protect against potential threats in real time by using AI to detect and prevent malicious activities within the network.

Discovery: Identifying applications, services, and behaviors within the network to understand baseline activity.

Deployment: Implementing the solution into the network and integrating with existing security measures.

Detection: Monitoring traffic and activities to identify abnormal or malicious behavior.

Prevention: Taking action to stop threats once detected, such as blocking malicious traffic or stopping exploit attempts.

In a Layer 2 configuration, interfaces are typically grouped into the same Layer 2 zone. When the interfaces are assigned to the same VLAN, the firewall will treat them as part of the same broadcast domain.

In a Layer 2 setup, interfaces must be in the same Layer 2 zone to allow the traffic within the same VLAN to pass. Additionally, a security policy must be configured to allow traffic within this VLAN or zone. This will resolve the issue by ensuring that traffic is permitted between clients behind different interfaces assigned to the same VLAN.