VMware VMware Tanzu for Kubernetes Operations Professional 2V0-71.23 Exam Dumps: Updated Questions & Answers (September 2025)

The Supervisor Service in Tanzu Kubernetes Grid exposes three layers of controllers to manage the lifecycle of a Tanzu Kubernetes Grid cluster:

Virtual Machine Service (VMS) controllers provide an abstraction layer for managing virtual machines on vSphere. They allow users to create and manage VM classes, VM images, content libraries, and VM services.

Tanzu Kubernetes Grid (TKG) controllers provide an abstraction layer for managing Kubernetes clusters on vSphere. They allow users to create and manage TKG service configurations, TKG service plans, TKG service instances, and TKG service bindings.

Cluster API (CAPI) controllers provide an abstraction layer for managing Kubernetes clusters on any platform. They allow users to create and manage cluster objects, machine objects, machine deployment objects, machine set objects, and machine health check objects.

The other options are incorrect because:

Authentication webhook, Container Storage Support, Cloud Provider Implementation are components of vSphere with Tanzu that enable authentication integration with vCenter Server, persistent storage provisioning forKubernetes workloads, and cloud provider functionality for vSphere respectively. They are not part of the Supervisor Service controllers.

Aria integration Service, Tanzu Cluster API and Tanzu Container Network Controller are not valid components of Tanzu Kubernetes Grid or vSphere with Tanzu. Aria integration Service is a typo for Aria Operations for Applications (formerly VMware Tanzu Observability), which is a SaaS solution that collects and analyzes traces, metrics, and logs from various sources. Tanzu Cluster API is a typo for Cluster API (CAPI), which is one of the Supervisor Service controllers. Tanzu Container Network Controller is a typo for Antrea Controller, which is part of VMware Container Networking with Antrea, which is a solution that streamlines Kubernetes networking with a unified networking stack across multiple managed Kubernetes providers.

VMware Tanzu Mission Control Connection agent, Cluster API and Kubernetes Connection Agent are not valid components of the Supervisor Service controllers. VMware Tanzu Mission Control Connection agent is a component of VMware Tanzu Mission Control, which is a SaaS solution that provides centralized management and governance for Tanzu Kubernetes Grid clusters across multiple platforms. Cluster API (CAPI) is one of the Supervisor Service controllers, but it is not specific to Tanzu Mission Control. Kubernetes Connection Agent is not a valid component of Tanzu Kubernetes Grid or vSphere with Tanzu.

References: VMware Tanzu for Kubernetes Operations Getting Started, vSphere with Tanzu Configuration and Management

 L7 ingress in NodePortLocal mode is an ingress mode that leverages the integration between NSX Advanced Load Balancer and Antrea. NSX Advanced Load Balancer (NSX ALB) is a solution that provides L4 and L7 load balancing and ingress control for Kubernetes clusters5. Antrea is a Kubernetes networking solution that implements the Container Network Interface (CNI) specification and uses Open vSwitch (OVS) as the data plane6. In NodePortLocal mode, the ingress backend service must be ClusterIP mode, and Antrea assigns a unique port on each node for each pod that serves as a backend for the service. The network traffic is routed from the client to the NSX ALB Service Engine (SE), and then directly to the pods without going through the nodes or kube-proxy. This mode reduces network latency and improves performance by avoiding extra hops7.

The following diagram illustrates how the network traffic is routed in NodePortLocal mode:

!NodePortLocal mode diagram

The other options are incorrect because:

L7 ingress in NodePort mode is an ingress mode that does not leverage the integration between NSX ALB and Antrea. In this mode, the ingress backend service must be NodePort mode, and the network traffic is routed from the client to the NSX ALB SE, and then to the cluster nodes, before it reaches the pods. The NSX ALB SE routes the traffic to the nodes, and kube-proxy helps route the traffic from the nodes to the target pods. This mode requires an extra hop for kube-proxy to route traffic from node to pod7.

L7 ingress in ClusterIP mode is an ingress mode that does not leverage the integration between NSX ALB and Antrea. In this mode, the ingress backend service must be ClusterIP mode, and Antrea assigns a virtual IP (VIP) for each service. The network traffic is routed from the client to the NSX ALB SE, and then to one of the VIPs assigned by Antrea, before it reaches the pods. The NSX ALB SE routes the traffic to one of the VIPs, and kube-proxy helps route the traffic from the VIPs to the target pods. This mode requires an extra hop for kube-proxy to route traffic from VIPs to pod7.

L7 ingress in Nodelntegration mode is not a valid ingress mode for NSX ALB.

References: NSX Advanced Load Balancer, Antrea, NSX ALB as L7 Ingress Controller

The tanzu mc upgrade command is used to upgrade a management cluster to a newer version of Tanzu Kubernetes Grid. The command requires the name of the management cluster as an argument, and optionally the version to upgrade to. For example, toupgrade the management cluster named tanzu-mc01 to version v1.4.0, the command would be:

tanzu mc upgrade tanzu-mc01 --version v1.4.0

The other options are incorrect because:

kubectl management-cluster upgrade is not a valid command. The kubectl command is used to interact with Kubernetes clusters, not to upgrade them.

tanzu config use-context tanzu-mc01-admin@tanzu-mc01 is a command to switch the current context to the admin context of the management cluster named tanzu-mc01. It does not upgrade the cluster.

kubectl tanzu-mc01 upgrade is not a valid command. The kubectl command does not accept a cluster name as an argument, and there is no upgrade subcommand.

References: VMware Tanzu for Kubernetes Operations Getting Started, Upgrading Management Clusters

The statement that correctly describes a global namespace in VMware Tanzu Service Mesh is that it defines an application boundary and provides consistent traffic routing, connectivity, resiliency, and security for applications across multiple clusters. A global namespace is a logical abstraction of an application from the underlying infrastructure that spans across multiple clusters and clouds4. A global namespace connects the resources and workloads that make up the application into one virtual unit and manages their identity, discovery, connectivity, security, and observability4. A global namespace also enables automatic service discovery and cross-cluster communication within the application boundary4. References: Global Namespaces - VMware Docs

Kubernetes services and Contour HTTP Proxy are two resources that External DNS can create records for. External DNS is a Kubernetes controller that synchronizes exposed Kubernetes resources with DNS providers. It supports creating DNS records for Kubernetes services of type LoadBalancer or NodePort, as well as Ingress resources. Contour HTTP Proxy is a custom resource definition (CRD) that provides an alternative way to configure HTTP routes on Kubernetes clusters. External DNS can also create DNS records for Contour HTTP Proxy resources, as long as they have an associated service of type LoadBalancer or NodePort. References: kubernetes-sigs/external-dns - GitHub, Contour HTTPProxy User Guide

The Tanzu CLI is a command-line tool that enables users to interact with VMware Tanzu products and services. It must be installed upfront to deploy VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Grid management cluster, as it provides commands to create, configure, scale, upgrade, and delete management clusters on different platforms. The Tanzu CLI also allows users to create workload clusters from the management cluster, and to perform various operations on both types of clusters. References: VMware Tanzu CLI Documentation, [Deploying Management Clusters with the Tanzu CLI]

The key benefit of Tanzu Service Mesh Autoscaler feature is to autoscale microservices that meet changing levels of demand based on metrics, such as CPU or memory usage. These metrics are available to Tanzu Service Mesh without needing additional code changes or metrics plugins1. Tanzu Service Mesh Autoscaler supports configuring an autoscaling policy for services inside a global namespace through the UI or API, or using a Kubernetes custom resource definition (CRD) for services directly in cluster namespaces2. Tanzu Service Mesh Autoscaler also supports two modes: performance mode, where services are scaled up but not down, and efficiency mode, where services are scaled up and down to optimize resource utilization2. References: VMware Aria Operations for Applications, Tanzu Service Mesh Service Autoscaling Overview - VMware Docs

The type of policy that can be used to enforce the container controls is image security. Image security policies allow users to define rules for validating container images before they are deployed on clusters. Users can specify image names, tags, signatures, or digests to whitelist or blacklist images based on their source and integrity. Users can also enable or disable image scanning for vulnerabilities and configure the severity threshold for admission decisions. References: Image Security Policy - VMware Docs, Image Policy - VMware Docs

VMware Aria Operations for Applications (formerly known as Tanzu Observability) is a unified observability platform that provides full-stack visibility using metrics, traces, and logs across distributed applications, application services, container services, and multi-cloud environments. Some of the capabilities of VMware Aria Operations for Applications are:

Create alerts: Users can monitor for certain behaviors and get smart notifications based on query conditions. Users can create alerts independently or directly from charts, and use advanced and accurate alerting powered by AI/analytics and query language1.

Create charts and dashboards: Users can visualize their data based on query results in various chart types (such as line plot, point plot, table, pie chart, etc.) and organize them in dashboards. Users can also interact with charts and dashboards in real time, such as zoom in, zoom out, change the time window, change the focus, and so on1.

Create queries: Users can use the Wavefront Query Language (WQL) to extract the information they need from their data. Users can use the Chart Builder for easy query creation or the Query Editor for advanced query editing. Users can also use functions, operators, variables, macros, and expressions to manipulate their data1.

References: VMware Aria Operations for Applications Documentation, Unified Observability Platform by VMware Aria Operations for Applications

Two statements about the NSX Advanced Load Balancer are correct:

It can be configured as the VIP endpoint for the management cluster on vSphere. The VIP endpoint is the IP address that clients use to access the Kubernetes API server on the management cluster. By default, this IP address is assigned by DHCP, but it can also be configured manually or by using a load balancer. Using a load balancer provides high availability and scalability for the VIP endpoint. NSX Advanced Load Balancer can be used as the load balancer provider for the VIP endpoint by creating a virtual service that points to the control plane nodes of the management cluster5.

It can be configured as a load balancer for workloads in the clusters that are deployed on vSphere. Workload clusters are Kubernetes clusters that run user workloads on vSphere with Tanzu. Workload clusters require a load balancer to expose services of type LoadBalancer to external clients. NSX Advanced Load Balancer can be used as the load balancer provider for workload clusters by deploying an Avi Kubernetes Service (AKS) pod on each cluster node. The AKS pod acts as an ingress controller that communicates with the NSX Advanced Load Balancer Controller and creates virtual services for each service of type LoadBalancer6.

The other options are incorrect because:

It can only be used if Antrea CNI is installed on the workload cluster is false. Antrea is one of the supported Container Network Interface (CNI) plugins for workload clusters on vSphere with Tanzu, but it is not mandatory to use it with NSX Advanced Load Balancer. Other CNI plugins, such as Calico or Flannel, can also work with NSX Advanced Load Balancer7.

It only supports the service type LoadBalancer is false. NSX Advanced Load Balancer supports other service types as well, such as ClusterIP and NodePort. These service types can be used to expose services within or across clusters without requiring an external load balancer8.

It is natively integrated with Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Amazon Web Services EC2 deployments is false. NSX Advanced Load Balancer is not natively integrated with Tanzu Kubernetes Grid Amazon Web Services EC2 deployments. Tanzu Kubernetes Grid on AWS uses the AWS Elastic Load Balancing service as the default load balancer provider for both management and workload clusters9.

References: Configure the VIP Endpoint for the Management Cluster, Deploy and Configure NSX Advanced Load Balancer as a Load Balancer for Workload Clusters, Supported CNI Plugins, Service Types, Load Balancing on AWS