WGU WGU Introduction to IT Introduction-to-IT Exam Dumps: Updated Questions & Answers (October 2025)

1.URL Anatomy:

oA URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a unique web address that enables internet users to locate a specific website or online resource without having to know its IP address.

oThe structure of a URL consists of several components, each serving a specific purpose.

2.Domain Name:

oThe domain name is a critical part of the URL.

oIt follows the scheme (protocol) and precedes the path or port (if specified).

oThe domain name is composed of labels separated by dots (periods).

oEach label represents a specific level within the domain hierarchy.

oFor example:

In the URL https://www.example.com/path/to/resource, the domain name is example.com.

In the URL https://blog.example.co.uk, the domain name is blog.example.co.uk.

3.Effective Top-Level Domain (eTLD):

oThe domain name includes the top-level domain (TLD) and the second-level domain (SLD).

oThe TLD specifies the website type and follows the SLD.

oCommon TLDs include .com, .org, and .net.

oGeo-specific TLDs include country codes like .au, .uk, and .in.

4.Subdomain:

oA subdomain is a division of a website.

oWebmasters create subdomains to organize different site areas with distinct functions (e.g., blogs, forums, support portals).

oSubdomains appear before the domain name in the URL.

oExamples:

support.example.com (subdomain: support)

blog.example.co.uk (subdomain: blog)

5.Scheme (Protocol):

oThe scheme specifies the protocol that the server will use to access the page.

oCommon schemes include:

http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

https (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

oThe scheme always precedes the rest of the URL information.

oExample: https://www.example.com

6.Path:

oThe path indicates the specific location on the website where the user wants to go.

oIt can include directories, folders, specific page names, and file names.

oExample: https://www.example.com/path/to/resource

7.Conclusion:

oIn summary, the domain name is the part of the URL that identifies the server hosting the web page.

oIt plays a crucial role in directing users to the correct website.

References

1.What are the parts of a URL? | web.dev

2.Parts of a URL: A Short Guide | HubSpot Blog

The type of off-site storage that serves as an empty shell for operations during a natural disaster or terrorist attack is a Cold site1. Unlike a Hot site, which is fully operational and ready for immediate use, a Cold site requires setup and provisioning before it can be utilized1. It provides a cost-effective solution for disaster recovery while minimizing ongoing expenses.

Compiled languages follow this process:

1.Source Code: You write code in a high-level language (like C++, Java, or C#).

2.Compiler: A compiler translates the entire source code into machine-executable code (object code) at once.

3.Executable File: The object code is often packaged into an executable file.

4.Execution: The executable file can be run directly by the computer's operating system.

1.Database Driver Definition: A database driver is a software component that facilitates communication between an application and a specific DBMS. It acts as an intermediary, allowing the application to send commands, perform queries, and retrieve data from the database in a standardized way.

2.Translation Process: When an application sends a request (such as an SQL query) to the database, the database driver intercepts it. It then translates the request into a format compatible with the DBMS. This ensures that the database can process the query correctly.

3.Supported Protocols: Different database drivers use specific connectivity protocols, such as JDBC, ODBC, or ADO.NET. These protocols define how the driver communicates with the database.

4.Features of Database Drivers:

oEstablishing a Connection: The driver establishes a connection to the database, allowing the application to interact with it.

oExecuting Queries: It handles the execution of queries (e.g., SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE) on behalf of the application.

oFetching Results: The driver retrieves query results and provides them to the application.

oManaging Transactions: It supports transaction management (commit, rollback) to ensure data consistency.

oParameter Binding: The driver handles parameter binding for prepared statements.

oError Handling: It manages errors and exceptions related to database interactions.

5.Additional Functionality: Some drivers offer advanced features like connection pooling, data caching, and query optimization to enhance performance and scalability.

6.Examples of Database Drivers:

oJDBC (Java Database Connectivity): Used for Java applications.

oODBC (Open Database Connectivity): A widely used standard for Windows-based applications.

oADO.NET: Used in Microsoft .NET applications.

References 6. What Is a Database Driver and How Does It Work? 7. Database Drivers: How Do They Work?

•Verified Answer: A component of IT infrastructure is networks.

•Explanation: Networks play a crucial role in connecting various elements of an IT system, enabling communication and data exchange.

•

Therefore, the correct answer is A. Networks.

1.Initiation

2.Planning

3.Executing

4.Monitoring and Controlling

5.Closing

During the Initiation Phase, the project’s vague brief is clarified, and key success criteria are defined. It involves project kickoff meetings, understanding project requirements, and defining scope, cost, and resources12.

References 2. The Digital Project Manager 3. Visme

•Verified Answer: Vacuum tubes were used as one of the hardware components in the first generation of computers.

•Explanation: The first-generation computers, developed between 1946 and 1959, relied on vacuum tubes for their circuitry. These vacuum tube computers paved the way for electronic computing.

To calculate a percentage of a price, you need a data type that can handle decimal values, as the result may not be a whole number. Here’s why a floating-point data type is appropriate:

1.Precision: Floating-point data types are designed to handle numbers that have a fractional part, which is essential for representing percentages accurately.

2.Calculation: When calculating 90% of a retail price, you multiply the price by 0.9. This operation requires a data type that can represent both the price and the resulting product with decimal precision.

3.Storage: Floating-point types can store a wide range of values with precision, making them suitable for financial calculations where the exact amount matters.

The other options are not suitable for the following reasons:

•A. Boolean: Can only represent two values, true or false.

•C. Auto-number: Typically used for unique identifiers and cannot represent fractional values.

•D. String: While it can represent a number as text, it is not suitable for calculations without conversion, which is inefficient and error-prone.

References: The decision to use a floating-point data type for percentage calculations is supported by best practices in programming and database design, as discussed in various programming forums and documentation123. These sources recommend using decimal or floating-point types for financial calculations to ensure accuracy and avoid errors that can arise from binary floating-point representations2.

An operating system (OS) is a crucial component of the computer system. It is not firmware, which would be embedded into the hardware (eliminating option A), nor is it an application program like a word processor (eliminating option B). It is also not a hardware component (eliminating option D). Instead, an operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. This includes managing processes, memory, files, security, and input/output operations. The OS acts as an intermediary between applications and the computer hardware, making it possible for other software to run on the computer.

References:

•Operating system definition from OxfordDictionaries1.

•Wikipedia article on Operating Systems2.

•Guru99’s explanation of what an Operating System is3.

•How-To Geek’s description of an Operating System4.

•Proprietary software refers to software that is closed source and is commercially licensed. It is developed by a specific company or individual, and its source code is not publicly available.

•In proprietary software, the end user does not have the authority to modify or reuse the software code. The software is typically distributed as operational code only, without providing access to the underlying source code.

•Proprietary licenses often include terms that prohibit “reverse engineering” of the object code with the intention of obtaining the source code.

•Examples of proprietary software include Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop, and many commercial applications.

•References:

o1 Snyk. “What is a software license? 5 Types of Software Licenses Explained.” Link

o2 Turing. “Open Source vs. Commercial Software License: What Do You Need?” Link

o3 License.md. “What type of license is needed for Commercial Use Software?” Link

o4 Thales Group. “Commercial License FAQ.” Link

Note: While proprietary software utilizes a commercial software license, it’s essential to understand that open-source software (which is freely available and allows modification and reuse of source code) falls under a different category. However, for the specific question, the correct answer is A. Proprietary.