WGU WGU Managing Cloud Security (JY02) Managing-Cloud-Security Exam Dumps: Updated Questions & Answers (November 2025)

The described threat is aDenial of Service (DoS)attack. In security contexts, a DoS attack aims to make a system, application, or data unavailable to legitimate users by overwhelming resources. Unlike brute force or rainbow table attacks, which target authentication mechanisms, or encryption, which is a defensive control, DoS focuses on disrupting availability—the “A” in the Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability (CIA) triad.

DoS can be executed in many ways: flooding a network with traffic, exhausting server memory, or overwhelming application processes. When scaled by multiple coordinated systems, it becomes a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. In either case, the effect is the same—authorized users cannot access critical data or services.

For cloud environments, where service uptime is crucial, DoS protections such as rate limiting, auto-scaling, and upstream filtering are essential. Training data center engineers to recognize DoS helps them understand the importance of resilience strategies and ensures continuity planning includes availability safeguards.

Without a clear understanding of infrastructure and software, the leadership team must first conduct aninventory of assets. An asset inventory provides a comprehensive list of hardware, software, and services that support business operations.

Creating checklists, defining criteria, and assigning roles are important, but they rely on knowing what assets exist. Without an inventory, the disaster recovery plan would miss critical dependencies, making recovery incomplete or impossible.

Performing an inventory supports business impact analysis, risk assessments, and recovery prioritization. It ensures that all critical systems are accounted for and appropriate recovery strategies can be designed. Asset inventories are a foundational best practice for disaster recovery and continuity planning.

The scenario arises because ofmultitenancy, a core cloud characteristic where multiple customers share the same physical infrastructure. If a storage device containing multiple tenants’ data is seized as part of a case involving another customer, unrelated organizations may still be affected.

Virtualization enables resource abstraction, but multitenancy specifically introduces shared infrastructure risks. SaaS and PaaS are service models, not architectural characteristics.

Multitenancy offers efficiency and cost benefits but raises challenges for data sovereignty, legal jurisdiction, and evidentiary control. Providers mitigate these risks through encryption, logical isolation, and contractual terms. Customers must understand these implications when handling regulated or sensitive data in cloud environments.

When a required PCI DSS control cannot be implemented due to technical limitations, the organization must apply acompensating control. A compensating control is an alternative safeguard that meets the intent and rigor of the original requirement.

Risk acceptance is insufficient under PCI DSS, as compliance demands enforceable safeguards. Privacy controls and protection levels may enhance data security but do not formally replace mandatory encryption requirements.

For example, a provider may use strict access controls, network segmentation, or monitoring to mitigate risks from unencrypted cardholder data. Documenting these compensating controls is essential during audits, ensuring compliance despite system limitations.

Functional testingvalidates that new or updated code performs correctly from the end user’s perspective. This type of testing ensures that the patch delivers intended results without introducing errors. It focuses on verifying user interactions, workflows, and outputs.

Full testing may cover all aspects, but it is broader than necessary. Nonfunctional testing evaluates performance, scalability, or usability, not direct functionality. Tabletop testing is a discussion-based exercise, often used for incident response.

Functional testing ensures customer satisfaction by aligning patches with expected system behavior. It is a core component of Agile and DevOps pipelines, where user experience and rapid delivery are prioritized.

Cloudsecurity groupstypically filter traffic based onports and protocols. By allowing or denying specific port/protocol combinations, engineers can control communication between deployments. For example, permitting HTTPS (TCP port 443) while blocking other ports enforces segmentation.

MAC addresses are not used in cloud-level segmentation because they apply to physical networks. Unique identifiers and definitions are not practical mechanisms for traffic filtering.

Using ports and protocols aligns with the principle of least privilege by ensuring that only necessary communication pathways exist. In multi-deployment or hybrid cloud setups, this reduces the attack surface and prevents lateral movement by malicious actors. Security groups thereby provide logical network segmentation without requiring physical infrastructure changes.

While cloud providers typically offer built-in encryption, customers should applyadditional encryptionfor sensitive data to maintain defense-in-depth. Encrypting files and folders before uploading them ensures that even if provider-side protections fail, data remains confidential.

WAFs protect applications from web threats, DAM tools monitor database use, and block storage versus file storage is an architecture choice. None of these directly provide an extra protective layer for stored data.

By maintaining control of their encryption keys, customers ensure compliance with data protection standards such as GDPR, HIPAA, or PCI DSS. This practice also mitigates insider threats within the provider’s environment and supports secure multi-cloud strategies. Encryption remains the strongest safeguard for protecting sensitive files in public cloud storage.

TheOperational Excellencepillar emphasizes practices that allow organizations to develop, deploy, and operate workloads effectively. It includes monitoring operations, responding to incidents, and continuously improving processes. By embedding feedback loops, organizations enhance agility and ensure that technology supports business value.

Performance efficiency deals with using computing resources efficiently, reliability ensures system availability, and sustainability focuses on environmental responsibility. While important, these do not encompass the process-driven improvements at the heart of operational excellence.

Operational excellence ensures that organizations can adapt quickly to changes, implement automation, and drive consistent improvements across cloud workloads. It is a key principle in cloud frameworks like AWS Well-Architected, Microsoft CAF, and Google’s Reliability Engineering practices.

Indirect identifiersare pieces of information that may not identify an individual on their own but, when combined with other data, can uniquely identify someone. Examples include birthdate, ZIP code, or gender. Together, these can re-identify a person, even when names or direct identifiers are removed.

Direct identifiers (such as Social Security numbers) uniquely identify an individual alone. Data subjects are the individuals to whom the data refers, while personal details is too broad and not a formal term.

Understanding indirect identifiers is essential in privacy regulations like GDPR and HIPAA, where pseudonymization or anonymization must account for potential re-identification risks. Safeguarding indirect identifiers reduces the chance of privacy violations and unauthorized profiling.

Industry best practice requires that encryption keys arestored separately from the data they protect. This ensures that if the data storage system is compromised, attackers cannot immediately decrypt sensitive information. The use of a secure escrow system is a recognized approach.

An escrow provides controlled storage for encryption keys, ensuring they are only accessible by authorized processes and not co-located with the protected data. Keeping keys “local” to the data creates a single point of failure. A public or private repository without specialized protection mechanisms would also be insufficient due to risks of insider threats or misconfiguration.

By placing keys in an independent escrow system, the organization enforces separation of duties, strengthens defense-in-depth, and aligns with cryptographic standards from NIST and ISO. This practice is vital when dealing with archival data, where long-term confidentiality must be preserved even as systems evolve.