Oracle Oracle Linux 8 Advanced System Administration 1z0-106 Exam Dumps: Updated Questions & Answers (December 2025)

To use a file as swap space, it must first be initialized with themkswapcommand. Theddcommand creates an empty file, butmkswapformats this file to be used as swap space. This command writes the necessary swap header to the file, making it recognizable by the system as a valid swap area.

Explanation of Answer D:After initializing the swap file withmkswap, you can optionally assign a label to the swap file using theswaplabelcommand. This is not strictly required, but it can be useful for identifying swap files, especially if you are using multiple swap devices.

Explanation of Answer D:The/etc/login.defsfile in Oracle Linux contains configuration settings related to user account policies, including password aging controls. This includes settings such asPASS_MAX_DAYS,PASS_MIN_DAYS, andPASS_WARN_AGE, which define the maximum number of days a password is valid, the minimum number of days between password changes, and the number of days before password expiration to warn users, respectively.

Explanation of Answer E:The/etc/login.defsfile also contains settings for the encryption method used to encrypt user passwords. TheENCRYPT_METHODparameter specifies the hashing algorithm, such as SHA512, that is used to encrypt user passwords stored in/etc/shadow.

Option B (Correct):The output shows that the RAID array is in a "degraded, recovering" state, which means one of the devices failed, and the RAID is currently rebuilding with a spare device. When a RAID-5 array is in a degraded state, its read and write performance is reduced because it cannot utilize all disks in parallel, and data is being rebuilt.

Option C (Correct):The output indicates that/dev/sdf1is marked as "spare rebuilding." This implies that a new spare device has been added to the RAID array to replace a previously failed device, and it is in the process of rebuilding to restore redundancy.

Option A (Incorrect):The state of the RAID array is "degraded," which indicates that a RAID device is still being rebuilt. The failed device has not yet returned to normal operating status.

Option D (Incorrect):No extra device was added to increase the RAID set's size. Instead, a spare device was added to replace a failed one.

Option E (Incorrect):Both read and write performance are sub-optimal in a degraded RAID-5 state because data is being rebuilt using the remaining active devices.

Oracle Linux Reference:For more information, refer to:

Oracle® Linux 8: Managing Storage Devices

man mdadmfor details on managing RAID arrays.

Option A (Correct):The command creates a Kubernetes Deployment, which ensures the specified number of replicas (pods) are running at all times. The deployment will manage the creation and maintenance of these pods to ensure availability.

Option D (Correct):The deployment configuration specifies that the container running inside the pod exposes port 80 (containerPort: 80).

Option B (Incorrect):The deployment is namednginx-deployment, notnginx.

Option C (Incorrect):The command creates a Deployment object that manages multiple pods; it does not directly create a single pod namednginx.

Option E (Incorrect):The command specifies the nginx image version1.14.2, but it will not fail immediately if the image version is not available. Kubernetes will attempt to pull the image, and the failure will happen during that step if the image does not exist.

Oracle Linux Reference:Refer to:

Kubernetes Documentation on Deployments

kubectl createcommand usage details.

Option B: journalctl -p err shows only error log level.

Explanation:

The -p or --priority option in journalctl filters messages by their priority level.

When specifying asingle priority level, journalctl shows messagesonlyat that level.

The priority levels, as per syslog standards, are:

0: emerg

1: alert

2: crit

3: err

4: warning

5: notice

6: info

7: debug

Therefore, journalctl -p err displays messages with priorityerr (3)only.

Oracle Linux Reference:

Oracle® Linux 8: Managing Log Files- Section onFiltering Output withjournalctl:

"Use the -p option to display messages from the journal that have a specific priority level."

Example:

# journalctl -p err

Option D: journalctl -k shows kernel logs since the last boot.

Explanation:

The -k or --dmesg option filters messages from the kernel, equivalent to the output of the dmesg command.

This option implies -b, which limits the output to messages from the current boot.

Therefore, journalctl -k displays kernel messages since the last boot.

Oracle Linux Reference:

Oracle® Linux 8: Managing Log Files- Section onViewing Kernel Messages:

"Use the journalctl -k command to display kernel messages since the last system boot."

Example:

# journalctl -k

Option E: journalctl -p 6 shows all info log level messages and above.

Explanation:

When specifying a single numeric priority, journalctl displays messages withthat priority level and higher priority levels(i.e., lower severity).

Priority levels are ordered from 0 (highest severity) to 7 (lowest severity).

Therefore, journalctl -p 6 shows messages with priorities:

0 (emerg)

1 (alert)

2 (crit)

3 (err)

4 (warning)

5 (notice)

6 (info)

This includesinfo level messages (6)and all higher priority messages.

Oracle Linux Reference:

Oracle® Linux 8: Managing Log Files- Section onFiltering Output with journalctl:

"When you specify a single priority level, journalctl shows messages at that level and higher severity."

Example:

# journalctl -p 6

Why Other Options Are Not Correct:

Option A:journalctl -bl -p err fails if journal persistence is not configured.

Explanation:

The -b option displays messages from the current boot. This works even if journal persistence isnotconfigured because the logs from the current boot are stored in volatile memory (/run/log/journal).

Therefore, the command doesnot failif journal persistence is not configured.

Oracle Linux Reference:

Oracle® Linux 8: Managing Log Files- Section onJournal Volatility:

"By default, the journal stores logs in volatile memory and does not persist logs across reboots unless persistent storage is configured."

Option C:journalctl -p notice..warning shows all messages from notice to warning log level since the last boot.

Explanation:

The -p option allows specifying arangeof priorities. However, the correct order for the range should be from thehigher priority (lower number)to thelower priority (higher number).

Also, the priorities should be specified in the correct sequence, and ranges are inclusive.

Moreover, journalctl by default shows messages from all boots unless limited by the -b option.

Therefore, without -b, it does not limit messages to "since the last boot," making the statement incorrect.

Correct Command:

To display messages fromwarning (4)tonotice (5), the command should be:

# journalctl -p warning..notice -b

But even then, the priorities need to be specified correctly, and the command in Option C is incorrect.

Conclusion:

OptionsB,D, andEare correct because they accurately describe the behavior of the journalctl command in filtering and displaying log messages based on priority levels and sources.

The530 Permission deniederror indicates that the user is not allowed to log in. In vsFTPd, if theUSERLIST_ENABLEoption is set toYESin/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf, and theoracleuser is listed in/etc/vsftpd/user_list, that user is explicitly denied access to the FTP server.

Explanation of Answer E:This option correctly matches the Kubernetes components with their descriptions:

Kubectl- d. Command-line interface used to control Kubernetes

Etcd- f. Stores configuration data relating to the cluster

Kubelet- c. Agent that allows nodes to communicate with the API

Kube-proxy- e. Performs networking functions and routes network traffic

Kube-apiserver- a. Processes and validates requests and performs operations

Kube-scheduler- b. Determines where containers should run based on resource availability

Option B (Correct):Round-robin is a network bonding mode that distributes outgoing traffic evenly across all active network interfaces.

Option D (Correct):802.3ad (LACP - Link Aggregation Control Protocol) is a bonding mode that allows dynamic aggregation of links conforming to the IEEE 802.3ad standard.

Option F (Correct):Active Backup is a bonding mode where one interface is active while the other is in standby, providing redundancy.

Options A, C, E, G (Incorrect):Multicast, Split Horizon, Poison Reverse, and Passive Backup are not valid bonding modes in Oracle Linux 8.

Oracle Linux Reference:Refer to:

Oracle® Linux 8: Network Bonding Guide

The correct command to create a RAID-1 device (mirroring) consisting of two block volumes with one spare device is optionC:mdadm –create /dev/md0 –level=1 –raid-devices=2 /dev/xvdd1 /dev/xvdd2 –spare-devices=1 /dev/xvdd3.

RAID Level 1:RAID-1, also known as mirroring, involves creating an exact copy (or mirror) of a set of data on two or more disks. This ensures data redundancy; if one disk fails, the other can still provide the data.

mdadm Command Structure:Themdadmcommand is used to manage and monitor RAID devices on Linux. To create a new RAID array, the--createoption is used, followed by several parameters:

/dev/md0: The name of the RAID device to be created.

--level=1: Specifies RAID level 1 (mirroring).

--raid-devices=2: Indicates the number of active devices (two in this case) to be used in the RAID array.

/dev/xvdd1 /dev/xvdd2: The two block devices that will form the RAID-1 array.

--spare-devices=1 /dev/xvdd3: Specifies one spare device (/dev/xvdd3). A spare device is used to automatically replace a failed device in the RAID array.

Option Analysis:

A.Incorrect because it specifies RAID level 5 (--level=5), which requires at least three devices and does not match the requirement for RAID-1.

B.Incorrect because it does not include the--spare-devices=1option, meaning there is no spare device included in this configuration.

C.Correct as it specifies RAID-1 (--level=1), two active devices (--raid-devices=2), and one spare device (--spare-devices=1).

D.Incorrect because it specifies RAID level 0 (--level=0), which is a striped set (no redundancy), not a mirrored set (RAID-1).

Oracle Linux Reference:For more detailed information aboutmdadmand RAID configurations in Oracle Linux 8, refer to the following Oracle Linux documentation:

Oracle® Linux 8 Managing Storage Devices - RAID Configuration

Oracle® Linux 8 mdadm Manual

These references provide comprehensive details on RAID levels,mdadmcommand syntax, and options for creating and managing RAID arrays in Oracle Linux.

Understanding DNF Modules:

DNF modules in Oracle Linux 8 provide a way to offer different versions of software (packages) to users, allowing them to choose the version that best suits their needs. Modules help in managing multiple versions of software by grouping packages, defining streams, and using profiles for configurations.

Option A: Modules are a group of packages that are installed together along with dependencies.

Explanation:

Modulesare collections of packages that are grouped together to represent an application, language runtime, or any logical set.

When you install a module, you are installing a set of packages along with their dependencies.

This grouping ensures that all necessary components are installed for the software to function correctly.

Oracle Linux Reference:

Oracle® Linux 8: Managing Software-About Modules:

"A module is a group of packages that represents a component, such as an application, a language runtime, or a set of tools."

Option B: Installing a module allows a user to select a specific stream.

Explanation:

Streamsin a module represent different versions of the software.

When installing a module, you can select a specific stream to install the desired version.

This allows users to choose between multiple versions of the same software provided within the module.

Oracle Linux Reference:

Oracle® Linux 8: Managing Software-About Module Streams:

"Each module can have one or more streams, which represent versions of the module content."

Example Command:

# dnf module list nodejs

This command lists available streams for the nodejs module.

Option F: Packages exist in multiple streams, where each stream contains a different version.

Explanation:

Within a module, each stream can contain different versions of the packages.

This means the same package can exist in multiple streams but with different versions in each stream.

This setup allows users to install the version of the software that meets their requirements.

Oracle Linux Reference:

Oracle® Linux 8: Managing Software-About Module Streams:

"Different streams can contain different versions of the software, allowing you to select the version that best suits your needs."

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option C: Profiles are used to provide alternate versions of the same module.

Explanation:

Profilesdefine sets of packages within a module stream for specific use cases or configurations, not alternate versions.

Streams provide alternate versions, whereas profiles provide different package sets within a stream.

Oracle Linux Reference:

Oracle® Linux 8: Managing Software-About Module Profiles:

"A profile is a list of packages that defines a particular use case for a module stream."

Option D: Streams are used to define optional configurations of modules.

Explanation:

Streams define different versions of software, not optional configurations.

Optional configurations are managed through profiles within a stream.

Oracle Linux Reference:

Profiles handle configurations, while streams handle versions.

Option E: Streams cannot declare dependencies on the streams of other modules.

Explanation:

Streams can declare dependencies on specific streams of other modules.

This allows modules to work together with compatible versions.

Oracle Linux Reference:

Oracle® Linux 8: Managing Software-Module Dependencies:

"Modules can declare dependencies on specific streams of other modules."

Option G: Switching an enabled module stream automatically changes installed packages.

Explanation:

Switching streams does not automatically change installed packages.

You must reset the module and install the new stream's packages manually.

Oracle Linux Reference:

Oracle® Linux 8: Managing Software-Switching Module Streams:

"To switch to a different module stream, you must reset the module and then install the packages from the new stream."

Conclusion:

Correct Options:A, B, F

Summary:Modules group packages with dependencies, installing a module allows selecting a specific stream (version), and packages can exist in multiple streams with different versions.